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It is a proxy is sometimes referred to as an application for a proxy server that acts in the role of an intermediary two parties: a server and a user on the internet. Without a proxy, a user could send a request a request directly to the server and the server would then deliver the requested resource directly to the user. This is not difficult to grasp and implement however the addition of proxy servers could provide benefits in terms of improved efficiency, privacy, security as well as other benefits. As a further layer of pass-through proxy servers act as a security layer to the internet between users and servers.




In general the case of server hardware and installed proxy software is often called a proxy server. The article we will focus on proxies typically considered to be software, specifically, in relation to web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of the two main types of proxies: two types: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage case, but they are often confused due to a similar namesake convention.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxy services as well as their subtypes are, as well as how they are useful in common setups. In this article, you'll understand how to recognize the situations where you could benefit from a proxy and then choose the best option in between reverse and forward proxy in each situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy often referred to as open proxy, also known as open proxy is an agent used by the user trying to send a request via the internet to a source server. In this scenario, any attempts to send requests made by the client will instead be directed through an forward proxy. In this situation, an agent acting on behalf of the forward proxy in the in the place of the customer will look into the request. It is the first thing to check if the client is able to send requests through this particular forward proxy. The forward proxy will then deny any request, or send it to the server that made the request. The client does not have a access to internet in any way; it is only able to access the information the forward proxy grants it access to.




The most common reason to use forward proxy is the need for greater privacy or protection online. Forward proxy utilizes the internet as a client, and in this process, it uses an alternative IP address to your client's IP address.




Depending on how they were installed in the past, forward proxy servers can offer a range of features that allow you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the geolocation of your home.




Forward proxies may also be employed in systems that provide central security and permission-based access for instance in workplaces. In the event that all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer, administrators can restrict access to only certain clients to the internet via an common firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls for the client layer, which could include multiple machines with different settings or users could be set up at an forward proxy layer.




Keep in mind that forward proxy settings need to be set up manually before they can be used for use and reverse proxy settings can't be noticed by the user. Depending on the kind of IP address a user is relayed to the server where it originated through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted, or left to go unnoticed.




There are numerous options to look into for forward proxies:




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for hosting websites with the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire webserver system. We recommend you to read our guide on how you can create Squid proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs on the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP this makes it better suited for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. You can also look into the steps to install the Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts in the role of an intermediary the web server, and takes care of incoming requests from users for the benefit of. This web server may serve as a one server or as a series of servers. It could also be an application-server like Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request will originate from a user on the internet generally. In most cases, the request will be sent directly to the web server that holds all the information the user is wants. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, shielding this webserver from direct contact with the open internet.




From a perspective of the user's viewpoint from the perspective of a client reverse proxy is not different from interacting with the server in its own. It is functionally the same however the client cannot discern the difference. Client requests a resource and is then provided with it without additional configuration required from the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The web server is protected centrally.


The routing of traffic inbound is to you based on rules you set up.


The caching functionality has been added to the app.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy systems, reverse proxy providers this feature to this level of an internet server, and not to the layer that clients use. instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be concentrated at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls and interacting with client requests outside of web servers allows the firewall to concentrate on providing the necessary resources.




If there are multiple servers that are operating as reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also handles the method by which requests are routed to which server. There are many web servers operating on this server offering different types of resource or a mixture of both. These servers use the HTTP protocol similar to a traditional web server, however they can additionally include applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy to route users to particular servers according to the type of resource they're searching for or to adhere to certain guidelines on the volume of traffic.




Reverse proxies may also benefit from their positioning over web servers due to the power of caching. Massive static resources can be set up with caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Some options allowing users to directly serve static files without having to connect with the server at all. In addition the reverse proxy is able to handle compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also an extremely popular reverse proxy service. Although it is true that the Apache webserver also equipped with a reverse proxy features but it's a feature that is available for Apache but Nginx was originally designed for and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Utilization



Since "forward" along with "reverse" come with connotations of directionality, and false analogies to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels are prone to confusion because both types of proxies respond to requests and receive responses. The best method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to analyze the requirements of the application that you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool when you're developing a solution to serve web-based applications over the internet. They represent your web servers when you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy is useful for showing clients to show for personal use or in a work environment. The forward proxy displays the information of the client every time you connect to the internet.




The practice of segregating by use case rather than using the same name conventions will ensure you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article describes the definition of a proxy with two types of proxy that are reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of usage and a discussion of most beneficial attributes were used to determine the distinction between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in exploring the possibilities of proxy servers, then check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as reverse proxy to Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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