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An proxy can also be referred to as a proxy server. is software that acts to act as an intermediary for client and server on the internet. In the absence of a proxy server, a customer would send a request for anything directly to the server and servers would provide the requested resource directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to grasp and use however the addition of proxy servers may provide benefits such as more speed, privacy and security, among others. As an additional layer of pass-through, proxies act as a security guard for the internet between clients and servers.




There is a general consensus that the servers that are equipped with proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxies traditionally defined as software, and more specifically with respect to servers on the internet. We will present a summary of the two major types of proxy: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different usage, which can be confusing due to the identical name convention.




This article will give you an idea of the types of proxies, their subtypes, and their value for the most common setups. Through this article you'll know the scenarios where you may benefit by a proxy and make the right alternative between reverse proxy or forward proxy in any given circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also referred to as an open proxy acts as an agent for users who wish to transmit a request through the internet to an source server. In this instance, any request made by the user will be directed via this forward proxy. A forward proxy in the position of the customer will examine the request. It first decides if the client is allowed to accept requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either deny the request or forward it to the server from which it originated. The client will not be allowed direct access to the internet; it will only be allowed access to the information that the forward proxy allows its access.




The most popular uses for forward proxies is to provide greater security or privacy on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet instead of an individual client, and could use an alternative IP address in comparison to the IP address that is used by the client.




Depending on how it's configured depending on how it's configured, forward proxy may offer various features and allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems to offer central security and permit-based access, like at a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer administrator can allow only specific clients access to the internet. This is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of having firewalls for the client layer which may involve many machines with varying user configurations, firewalls may be placed an intermediary layer.




Keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be set up manually for use while reverse proxies could be ignored by the client. According to the kind of IP address a client is sent to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, security and privacy can be granted or made clear.




There are many options to take into consideration for forward proxy:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another popular open-source webserver which has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A free and open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. The option does not include the entire web server. You can refer to our article about the best way to install Squid proxy to enable private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. You can also check out how to setup a Dante proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is the web server, which handles requests from customers on its behalf. It can be used as a single server or multiple servers. It could also include an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, a request would come via the web at large. In the majority of cases, the request is sent directly to the server with all the resources the client in need of. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, segregating your web server from communication with the internet's users.




From a consumer's point viewpoint from the perspective of a client reverse proxy is not any different than connecting directly to an internet server. It's functionally the same but the client isn't able to discern the difference. The client requests the resource and receives it without any additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxies provide various features, including:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can establish.


A new feature to cache has been added.




Central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy service, reverse proxies provide this feature only to only the server layer, only the layer that clients use. In lieu of maintaining firewalls on the server level that could contain multiple servers and different configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be directed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of communicating with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients that are not on web servers permits them to concentrate solely on delivering the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers being hosted through a reverse proxy it also handles the routing of requests to the servers. Multiple web servers could be providing the exact same service, serving different kinds of resources or a mixture of the two. They can utilize an HTTP protocol as a normal web server, however they may also include application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to direct clients to particular servers based on the requested source, and to adhere to certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also utilize their positioning before web servers by offering caching capabilities. Large static files can be set with caching rules that prevent reaching web servers every time you request. There are options that provide an option to serve static content without needing to interact with the webserver in any way. Additionally, reverse proxy can handle compressing these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server has become a wildly popular reverse proxy option. While it is true that it is true that the Apache web server has the ability to reverse proxy as an added feature available to Apache but Nginx was initially designed and is focused on the reverse proxy function.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. They can be confusing since both kinds of proxies handle requests and respond. Instead, a better way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy servers would be to look at the requirements of the application you're building.




Reverse proxy is an important element in the creation of a solution to serve websites on the internet. They function as your servers when you interact with the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful to display customers' information for personal use or for use in a working environment. They are a way to display the information of your client whenever you interact on the internet.




A distinction based on use case rather than focusing only on similar naming conventions will help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified meaning of a proxy with two kinds of proxy being the reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of the beneficial attributes were utilized to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're interested in exploring the benefits of proxy servers, you can follow our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx as an internet server as well as reverse proxy on Apache in Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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